All About Transformer Protection & Transformer Protection Circuits

 

All About Transformer Protection & Transformer Protection Circuits

Transformers are one of the most crucial and pricey additives of any distribution gadget. It is an enclosed static device typically soaking wet in oil, and therefore faults going on to it are restricted. But the impact of an unprecedented fault can be very dangerous for the transformer, and the long lead time for restore and replacement of transformers makes things even worse. Hence energy transformers protection turns into very crucial.

Faults taking place on a transformer are particularly divided into types, which are outside faults and inner faults. To keep away from any threat to the transformer, an outside fault is cleared by using a complicated relay machine in the shortest feasible time. The inner faults are specifically primarily based on sensors and dimension systems. We will communicate approximately those strategies in addition within the article. Before we get there, it's far vital to remember the fact that there are many types of transformers, and in this article, we are able to discuss mainly energy transformer that is utilized in distribution structures. You also can study the operating of energy transformers to understand the fundamentals of it.

Basic protection functions like overexcitation safety and temperature-primarily based protection can recognize situations that sooner or later cause a failure condition, but complete transformer safety furnished with the aid of relays and current transformers are appropriate for transformers in vital applications.

So in this text, we are able to talk approximately the maximum common principles used to protect transformers from catastrophic screw-ups.

Transformer Protection for Different Types of Transformers

The safety device used for a power transformer depends on the transformer's classes. A desk below suggests that,

Transformers in the variety of 500 KVA fall underneath (Category I & II), so those are included in the usage of fuses; however, to guard transformers up to 1000 kVA (distribution transformers for 11kV and 33kV), Medium Voltage circuit breakers are generally used.

For modifiers 10 MVA and above, which fall underneath (Category III & IV), differential relays had to be used to guard them.

Additionally, mechanical relays, which include Buchholtz relays and surprising stress relays, are widely applied for transformer protection. In addition to these relays, thermal overload safety is frequently applied to extend a transformer’s lifetime rather than for detecting faults.

Common Types of Transformer Protection

Overheating safety

Overcurrent protection

Differential Protection of Transformer

Earth Fault Protection (Restricted)

Buchholz (Gas Detection) Relay

Over-fluxing protection

Overheating Protection in Transformers

Transformers overheat due to overloads and brief circuit situations. The allowable overload & the corresponding duration are dependent on the type of transformer and class of insulation used for the transformer.

Higher loads can be maintained for a totally brief quantity of time. If it is for a very long, it is able to damage the insulation because of temperature rise above assumed maximum temperature. The temperature in an oil-cooled transformer is considered most whilst it's 95*C, past which the existence expectancy of the transformer decreases, and it has adverse effects inside the insulation of the wire. That is why overheating protection turns vital.

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